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Nevertheless, for the benefit of others, the ancient Hindu sages who experienced Brahman attempted to describe their experiences, as recorded in the ancient Vedic texts known as the Upanishads. The Hindu scriptures declare that Brahman (the impersonal God) is beyond description, and can be understood only through direct spiritual experience. Other Hindus, such as those following the Dvaita traditions, consider the personal forms in themselves to be the highest form of truth and worship God as an infinite and yet personal being. Some Hindus worship these personal forms of God for a practical reason: it is easier to cultivate devotion to a personal being than to an abstract principle. Therefore, the Hindu scriptures depict God not only as an abstract principle or concept, but also as a personal being, much like the God in the Judeo-Christian religions.ĭespite Hinduism's belief in the abstract principle of Brahman, most Hindus worship God on a day-to-day basis in one of God's less abstract personal forms, such as Vishnu, Shiva, or Shakti.
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However, many consider it helpful to project such attributes on God - the myriad names and forms of God one finds in Hinduism are all ways for humans to approach the divine. According to the Advaita school of thought God does not have any such attributes. Therefore, it projects human limitations, such as personality, motherhood, and fatherhood on God. The human mind cannot think other than in human terms. However, when human beings try to think of the infinite God, they project the limitations of their finite minds on God. It is not all-knowing it is knowledge itself. Brahman does not exist it is existence itself. Brahman is the Absolute reality: it is pure existence and knowledge. When God is thought of as this infinite principle, God is called Brahman. God is beyond time, space, and causation and yet permeates everything and every being. God is changeless and is the very source of consciousness. Mainstream Hinduism believes in One God, but asserts that the One God can appear to humans in multiple names and forms.Īccording to the monotheistic and pantheistic theologies of Hinduism, God is, in the highest sense, One: beyond form, infinite, and eternal. Hinduism is sometimes referred to as a polytheistic religion, but strictly speaking, this is not accurate. Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism all share some traits in common with Hinduism, as all these religions originated in India, and all focus on self-improvement with the ultimate aim of attaining personal spiritual experience. Prominent themes in Hinduism include Dharma (individual ethics, duties and obligations), Samsāra (rebirth), Karma (right action), and Moksha (salvation). Modern Hinduism evolved from the ancient Vedic tradition ( Vaidika parampar ā). The Bhagavad Gita, which is contained within the Mahabharata, is a widely studied scripture that summarizes the spiritual teachings of the Vedas. Other important scriptures include Upanishads, the eighteen Puranas and the epic poems Mahabharata and Ramayana. Among such texts, the Vedas are the most ancient. Unlike most other major religions, Hinduism has no single founder and is based on a number of religious texts developed over many centuries that contain spiritual insights and practical guidance for religious life. Hinduism is considered to be the oldest living religion in the world. Other countries with large Hindu populations include Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, with Nepal being the only country with Hinduism as its official religion (see article Hinduism by country). Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world, with approximately 1 billion adherents (2005 figure), of whom about 890 million live in India.
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Hinduism centers around a variety of practices that are meant to help one experience the divinity that is everywhere and realize the true nature of the Self. Most Hindus believe in a supreme cosmic spirit called Brahman that is worshipped in many forms, represented by individual deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Shakti. Hinduism encompasses many religious beliefs, practices, and denominations. Hinduism ( Sanskrit: हिन्दू धर्म, Hindū Dharma, also known as सनातन धर्म, Sanātana Dharma) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. Related subjects: Religious movements, traditions and organizations